Forests are rich in natural resources that can be used as fuel for making a fire. Here are a few examples:

1. Wood: The most obvious fuel source in a forest is wood. Dead branches and fallen trees are readily available in most forests, and they can be used to start a fire. It's important to use dry wood, as wet wood will not burn as well and can produce more smoke.
2. Bark: Bark from trees can be used as a fire starter. It's usually dry, easy to ignite and will burn for a long time.
3. Cones and needles: Pine cones and needles from pine trees can be used as kindling to start a fire. They are highly flammable and will help to get the fire going quickly.
4. Leaves and twigs: Dry leaves and twigs can be used as tinder to start a fire. They are easy to ignite and will burn for a short time, which is perfect for getting a fire going.
5. Moss: Dry moss can be used as a fire starter. It’s highly flammable and will burn for a long time.
6. Lichen: some lichen can be used as a tinder, they are easily ignited and will burn for a short period. Lichen is a type of organism that is made up of a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae. It is commonly found on rocks, trees, and other surfaces in many different types of forests.

Lichen can be used as a tinder for starting a fire because it is highly flammable and will burn for a short period of time. This makes it ideal for getting a fire going, as it will help to ignite other materials such as twigs and leaves.

When looking for lichen to use as tinder, it's best to look for species that are dry and brittle. Some lichens are more flammable than others and are better suited as tinder. Some of the common species found in North America that can be used as tinder include: Reindeer moss, Old man's beard, and Horsehair lichen.

Before harvesting any lichen, make sure to check the laws and regulations regarding collection of natural resources, some places it may be prohibited or regulated. Also, it is important to be mindful of the environment and not to over-harvest lichen, as it can take a long time to grow back.

Keep in mind that lichen should be used as a tinder, not a sustainable fuel source. It's important to have a variety of materials available to maintain a fire.

It's important to note that it is important to be mindful of the environment, and to follow local laws and regulations when collecting natural resources for fire-making. In many cases, it's better to use dead wood found on the ground than to break branches from live trees.

Kiln-dried logs and seasoned logs are both types of firewood, but they are processed differently and have different properties.

Kiln-dried logs are logs that have been heated in a kiln to remove most of the moisture content. The process of kiln drying involves heating the logs to high temperatures, which can be up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit, in a controlled environment. The high heat and controlled environment of the kiln dries the logs quickly and effectively, leaving them with a moisture content of around 15-20%.

Seasoned logs, on the other hand, are logs that have been air-dried for a period of time. This process typically takes several months to a year, and the logs are exposed to the elements, allowing the sun, wind, and rain to remove the moisture from the logs. The moisture content of seasoned logs is usually around 20-30%.

The main difference between kiln-dried logs and seasoned logs is the moisture content. Kiln-dried logs have much lower moisture content than seasoned logs which makes them more efficient and cleaner burning. They tend to ignite more easily, burn hotter and for longer, and produce less smoke. Seasoned logs, on the other hand, are less expensive, but they will require more time to dry out and may not burn as efficiently.

Another difference is that kiln-dried logs are also treated to kill any insects or spores that may be present in the wood. This makes them a better option if you are looking to store your firewood indoors or if you have concerns about pests.

It's important to know the difference when purchasing logs for heating or cooking, because the moisture content of the wood can have a significant impact on how well it burns and how much energy it produces.

Here is a simple guide on how to make a Swedish torch using kiln-dried logs and wood wool firelighters:

Materials:

• Kiln-dried logs (2-3 inches in diameter, 8-12 inches long)
• Wood wool firelighters
• A drill with a 3/4 inch spade bit
• A saw (if necessary, to cut the logs to the desired length)

Instructions:

1. Start by cutting your kiln-dried logs to the desired length (8-12 inches is recommended). Make sure the ends of the logs are flat and level to ensure a stable base for your torch.
2. Using a drill with a 3/4 inch spade bit, drill a hole through the center of the logs, about 1 inch from the top. The hole should be about 1 inch in diameter and extend through the entire length of the log.
3. Stack the drilled logs on top of one another, making sure that the drilled holes are lined up. If necessary, use a small amount of glue or adhesive to keep the logs in place.
4. Pack wood wool firelighters into the drilled hole, making sure to pack them tightly. You can also add a small amount of kindling or paper to help get the fire started.
5. Light the firelighters, and the fire will begin to spread through the hole and ignite the logs. As the top log burns down, it will fall into the hole and feed the fire below, creating a self-sustaining flame.
6. Make sure to keep a close eye on the fire and never leave it unattended. Keep a bucket of water or a fire extinguisher nearby in case of emergency.

With this guide, you can make a Swedish Torch, a great addition to any outdoor gathering. This torch is perfect for providing light and heat in outdoor spaces, and it's easy to make and maintain. Remember that safety precautions should always be in place and to have a bucket of water or fire extinguisher nearby.

There are many different types of wood that can be used as fuel in the UK, and each has its own unique set of benefits and characteristics. Some of the most common types of wood used as fuel in the UK include:

• Birch: Birch is a hardwood that is known for its high energy content and quick ignition time. It burns hot and produces a long-lasting, steady flame, making it a good choice for heating and cooking.
• Oak: Oak is a dense hardwood with a high heat output. It burns slowly and evenly, producing a steady heat that is ideal for long-burning fires.
• Ash: Ash is a hardwood that is known for its good burning qualities. It ignites easily and produces a hot, intense flame that is well-suited for cooking and heating.
• Beech: Beech is a hardwood that is known for its good burning qualities and long-lasting heat output. It ignites easily and burns with a steady, even flame that is well-suited for heating and cooking.
• Willow: Willow is a fast-growing softwood that is known for its quick ignition time and high heat output. It burns hot and produces a bright, intense flame that is well-suited for cooking and heating.

Each of these wood species has its own unique characteristics and benefits, and the best choice for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. In general, hardwoods are considered to be the best choice for fuel because they burn slowly and evenly, producing a steady heat that is ideal for long-burning fires. Softwoods, on the other hand, are known for their quick ignition time and high heat output, making them well-suited for cooking and heating.

• Set your thermostat to a lower temperature.
• Insulate your home to retain heat.
• Seal drafts around windows and doors.
• Install weather stripping on doors and windows.
• Use caulk to seal gaps in walls, floors, and ceilings.